 |
Competition analysis for high performance swimming
by Bruce Mason and Jim Fowlie Rate this article:
Current rating:  
(Number of ratings: 2)
The purpose of the competition analysis is to provide the coach and swimmer with a clear and concise summary of each event in the meet. The analysis is designed to identify where, why and how some swimmers performed better than others. The primary reason that coaches of elite swimmers use the competition analysis is to develop and then progressively refine a competition model for the swimmer. This can most successfully be done using the information provided from the competition analysis at important meets where the swimmer is providing a 100% effort. Competition analysis is also used to identify relative weaknesses in the swimmer's performance in competition so that these weaknesses may be eradicated. Weaknesses may be rectified using some of the following strategies — comprehensive biomechanical analysis of the competition phase found to be weak, coach interaction with the swimmer's technique based upon results of such biomechanical analysis, sound training practices and stroke drills.
The spreadsheet output of the competition analysis permits an easy comparison between the swimmers in a race. Competition analysis enables a comparison to be made between swimmers competing in the one race or between performances of the one swimmer at different times in possibly different meets. The performances of different swimmers, which were swum on different days and at different locations, can be compared if the competition analysis was completed for the races concerned. The competition analysis also provides coaches with a means to identify changing trends that are occurring in competition strategy … e.g. faster turns as a consequence of a rule change or a new technique that is being used by swimmers.
The competition analysis provides the coach with information to determine what strategy is needed to make a swimmer a winner … e.g. eliminate through sound practice the weaker aspects of a swimmer's performance – for a particular swimmer maybe to optimise stroke length and stroke frequency to improve the free swimming aspects of the swimmer. Statistical analysis on the data from competition analyses allows the coach to determine the important aspects of particular events. Research performed on competition analysis results provides insight into factors which coaches should concentrate upon to improve swimming performance … e.g. in the 100m Backstroke at the '94 World Championships, speed in the turn phase played as important a role as free swimming speed in the overall determination of the results.
The information used in the competition analysis process has been collected scientifically so as to reduce the error margins associated with the measurement of time and the location of swimmers in the pool. Information concerning where and when the swimmer was located at specific instances is required on all swimmers at numerous occasions throughout the race in order to perform the analysis. The practices used to determine this ensure a high degree of accuracy in the output from the competition analysis. Error checking within the analysis computer program is also incorporated to identify any mistakes that may have occurred as a consequence of operator error. The analysis is performed on a computer system using specially prepared video footage of the race to identify when and where each swimmer was located in the pool at specific instances in the race. The special preparation required for the video recording includes encoded time (from the start of the race) which is displayed on the video picture, together with appropriate calibration information to identify any swimmer's location on the screen with an accurate distance measure from the end of pool wall. The position of the centre of the swimmer's head is used to identify when the swimmer passes through specified distances from the end pool wall. The analysis system is also interfaced with the pool's timing system to get the start pulse from the starter and this initiates the timer on the video. Split times from the touch pads are also captured from the pool's timing system and this information also forms part of the competition analysis report.
The starting phase continues from the starting signal until the swimmer's head crossed the 15metre distance from the starting wall. A distance of 7.5metres in a direction toward the turning wall is used to indicate the commencement of the turn and the turning phase continues through until the swimmer's head again crosses the 7.5metre distance from the wall on the way out. The finishing phase incorporates the period of time when the swimmer's head passed a 5metre distance from the finishing wall until the hand touch. The other phases of the race are denoted as free swimming phases. The performance of the swimmer during the starting, turning and finishing phases is reported in seconds correct to a fiftieth of a second. The shorter this time, the faster the swimmer is moving. On the initial individual sheet, handed out during the competition meet, each of starting, turning and finishing phases is also reported as an average velocity during that phase. This is done so that a comparison of the swimmer's velocity in each of these phases may be made with the velocity during the adjacent free swimming phase. In computing velocity of each phase, the starting phase is 15metres in length and each of the turn phases is 15metres. Although the timing for the finish phase begins when the swimmer's head crosses the 5metres mark from the finish wall, when the velocity for the finish phase is calculated the time from the 5metre mark is divided by only 4.5 rather than the 5 because the arm reach for the finish wall would be approximately 0.5metres.
The information supplied for the free swimming phases of the event includes the stroke length in metres, stroke frequency in strokes per minute, swim velocity in metres per second and efficiency index. A stroke length is the distance a swimmer's head moves during a complete arm stroke from right hand entry to the next right hand entry. The stroke frequency refers to the number of these cycles that would occur in a minute if the same stroke rate were to continue over the duration of a minute in free swimming. Stroke frequency should not be confused with stroke count. Stroke count is the number of strokes that a swimmer takes to complete a 50metre pool length and incorporates what happens during the start, turn and finish phases of the lap. Velocity as implied, denotes how far the swimmer's head travels in a second based on an average value for the entire free swimming phase. Each free swimming phase for all non-Freestyle events, as well as Freestyle events less than 400metres in length, is 18.5metres except for the first which is 10metres and the last which is 20metres. In the case of Freestyle events equal to 400metres and greater, each of the free swimming phases is 35metres with exception of the first which is 27.5metres and the last which is 37.5metres. Stroke length and stroke frequency are the two factors that determine swim velocity. Multiplying the stroke frequency in strokes per second and the stroke length in metres per stroke provides the swim velocity in metres per second. To swim faster, the swimmer needs to increase the stroke length and/or the stroke frequency. The efficiency index is obtained by multiplying the swimmer's velocity by the swimmer's stroke length during that free swimming phase. The efficiency index places the emphasis on having a longer stroke length and a lower stroke frequency as being more efficient than having a shorter stroke length and a higher stroke frequency to swim at this specific swim velocity. The efficiency index can be used to compare the free swimming effectiveness of a swimmer performing a particular stroke at different times in the one race or in different length events for the stroke concerned. As a swimmer progresses through a race, there is generally a progressive reduction in the swimmer's efficiency index. There appears to be a high relationship between the race result and the average efficiency index of the swimmers competing in the event. The better place-getters tend to have a higher efficiency index than the lower place-getters. For this reason, the efficiency index may be used to compare the free swimming performances of two swimmers. Efficiency indices for different strokes should not be compared, as the efficiency index of one stroke bears no relationship to that of another.
At the base of the spreadsheet the average information for each aspect of the race over the entire race performance is provided. That is the average stroke length, average stroke frequency, average velocity and average efficiency index for the free swimming as well as average turn time is provided. In the computation of the average value for the free swimming aspect, each free swim phase is weighted by the distance swum in each free swim interval. Directly below these average values in the spreadsheet is the total time involved in each aspect of the race. The total time in the start, in the turns, in the finish and during free swimming are provided along with the total time overall. The total time overall should be equivalent to the actual race result time for each swimmer. Any variation from the result time will indicate the inexactness in the competition analysis output.
During the meet, the competition analysis results for a session are provided for the coaches before the next session begins. The information supplied for each event includes the analysis report on the swimmer concerned (this includes velocity information on all phases of the race), the spreadsheet displaying the parameters of all competitors and finally, two graphs to supplement the previous information. The first graph provides information concerning all free swimming phases of the race and includes a plot of stroke length, stroke frequency and velocity for the swimmer concerned. The other graph includes the velocity of the swimmer in each phase of the race, together with a similar plot for the first three place-getters. To utilise this information most efficiently, the graph containing the swim velocities of several swimmers can be used to quickly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the swimmer concerned throughout the race. This graph will readily identify why and where the winner was successful and why the other swimmers achieved the places that they did. The graph of stroke frequency, stroke length and velocity can be utilised to quickly identify weaknesses in either the swimmer's present strategy with regard to free swimming or to find out if the present strategy was not followed. It may also be used to further refine the competition model for the swimmer concerned. The summary at the base of the spreadsheet is able to quantify where time was gained or lost by each swimmer with respect to other swimmers in the various aspects of the race. The body of the spreadsheet enables the quantification of the performances of the various swimmers in the race so that comparisons between swimmers over the different phases of the race may be made. The individual analysis report enables quantitative comparisons to be made between the phases of the race for an individual swimmer.
All scientific measurements come with some degree of imprecision. To measure the imprecision associated with the AIS Biomechanics competition analysis, AIS Biomechanics used six analysis groups to independently analyse the eight swimmers competing in the 200metres Individual Medley Final for women at the 1996 Olympic Trials in Sydney. The standard deviation for each parameter measured, together with an indication of its magnitude by expressing it as a percentage of the mean for the parameter, calculated over all laps (all strokes) for all of the eight swimmers and calculated over the six analysis groups was as follows:
PARAMETER STANDARD DEVIATION % OF MEAN
Start Time 0.03 sec 0.4%
Turn Time 0.07 sec 0.7%
Finish Time 0.05 sec 1.7%
Stroke Length 0.02 metres 1.1%
Stroke Frequency 0.52 strokes/min 1.1%
Free Swim Velocity 0.02 metres/sec 1.4%
Efficiency Index 0.04 m*m/sec 1.5%
The computer program used in the analysis process is continually being refined to produce more precise information. The above information does, however, give some indication as to the accuracy of the information provided through the competition analysis.
This report deals specifically with long course competition analysis. Most of this information is also directly relevant to short-course competition analysis. In the short-course competition analysis the information is presented in a slightly different format, as there is less free swimming and a greater number of turns.
The aim of the competition analysis is to provide the coach with detailed information about his or her swimmer's performance in competition. It is designed to assist the coach in identifying optimal race strategy for a particular swimmer in a specific event. For swimmers to achieve the best results in major competition, they must keep as close as possible to scientifically prepared sound race strategy which is based upon set free swimming, turn, start and finish velocities. This is commonly referred to by coaches as the "competition model". In order to keep the average free swimming velocity through the entire race as high as possible, the optimal stroke length and stroke frequency combination should be used. This combination is very personalised for the swimmer concerned and the competition analysis should be used by the coach for further refine the combination of stroke length and stroke frequency for future competition. The particular stroke length and stroke frequency combination used by the swimmer should remain relatively constant throughout the free swimming for the entire race. After a race, the competition analysis should also be used to check that the race strategy was followed throughout the race and to identify any relative weaknesses of the swimmer concerned.
FIGURE 1
This is an example of the analysis report for an individual swimmer in the Men's 100m Freestyle event. Note that in this report the velocity at various phases of the race is provided. Chris's start velocity is 2.40 m/s and this drops to 2.00 m/s and 1.90 m/s during free swimming in the first lap. Chris's turn velocity is 2.04 m/s and this followed by free swim velocities of 1.88 m/s and 1.81 m/s with a velocity of 1.83 during the finish phase. The average velocity for the first lap is 2.05 m/s and for the second lap is 1.92 m/s.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet 1996 National Swimming Championships
Swimmer Chris FYDLER
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final Lane Number: 6
Time of Trial: 0:50.44 Min:Sec Finish Place in A Final: 1st
LAP No. 1
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Start time-Gun to 15m out 6.08 sec 2.47 m/s
Stroke Length 2.27 metres
Stroke Frequency 52.9 Strokes/Min
1.135 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 2.00 metres/sec 2.00 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.54 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 11.08 sec
Time for this 25m Split 11.08 sec 2.26 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.28 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.2 Strokes/Min
1.196 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.90 metres/sec 1.90 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 4.34 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 50m lap time 24.43 sec
Time for this 50m lap 24.43 sec 2.05 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 1.35 sec 1.87 m/s
LAP No. 2
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Turn time 7.5m to 7.5m 7.36 sec 2.04 m/s
Stroke Length 2.26 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.0 Strokes/Min
1.200 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.88 metres/sec 1.88 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.26 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 36.92 sec
Time for this 25m Split 12.49 sec 2.00 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.13 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.8 Strokes/Min
1.180 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.81 metres/sec 1.81 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 3.86 metres*metres/sec
Finish Time (from 5m out) 2.46 sec 1.83 m/s
Progressive 50m lap time 50.44 sec
Time for this 50m lap 26.01 sec 1.92 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 13.52 sec 1.85 m/s
FIGURE 2
This is an example of a spreadsheet for the Men's 100m Freestyle event. The times for each phase, excluding the free swimming phase, are provided here. For the free swimming phase, the stroke length, stroke frequency, efficiency index and interval velocity are provided. The average value for each phase parameter and the total time spent in each phase are located at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet Australian Nationals – Olympic Trials
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final
Chris FYDLER, NSW Michael KLIM, Vic
Lane No. 6 5
25m Lap No. 1
Start Time 15m 6.08 6.18
Stroke Length (m) 2.27 2.33
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 52.9 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 2 1.92
Index (m*m/s) 4.54 4.47
25m Split(s) 11.08 11.2
50m Lap No. 1
Stroke Length (m) 2.28 2.3
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.2 49.7
Velocity (m/s) 1.9 1.9
Index (m*m/s) 4.34 4.37
25m Split(s) 13.35 13.46
Lap Time(s) 24.43 24.66
25m Lap No. 2
Turn Time 7.5*2 7.36 7.52
Stroke Length (m) 2.26 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 1.88 1.91
Index (m*m/s) 4.26 4.41
25m Split(s) 12.49 12.48
50m Lap No. 2
Stroke Length (m) 2.13 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.8 47
Velocity (m/s) 1.81 1.81
Index (m*m/s) 3.86 4.19
Finish Time (5m) 2.46 2.31
25m Split(s) 13.52 13.35
Lap Time(s) 26.01 25.83
Result (m:s.s) :50.44 :50.49
Place First Second
Average Swim Velocity 1.90 1.89
Average Stroke Frequency 51.0 48.9
Average Stroke Length 2.24 2.31
Average Index 4.25 4.36
Start Time (sec) 6.08 6.18
Turn Time (sec) 7.36 7.52
Finish Time (sec) 2.46 2.31
Free Swim Time 34.57 34.63
Accounted Time 50.47 50.64
FIGURE 3 (an explanation of the spreadsheet).
This is the last page in the analysis of the 1500m Men's event at the Atlanta Olympics. From the information at the base of the spreadsheet, it can be identified that Graeme SMITH, the third place-getter, gained 5.48 sec over Kieren PERKINS and 7.07 sec over Daniel KOWALSKI in the turns. Kieren had the highest free swim velocity of 1.63 m/s followed by Daniel with 1.62 m/s and then Graeme SMITH with 1.60 m/s. Kieren gained 5.41 sec over Daniel in the free swimming.
Date 26th July 1996
Competition Meet Olympic Games, Atlanta, USA
Distance 1500 metres
Style Freestyle
Gender Men's
Event A Final
Kieren PERKINS
AUS Daniel KOWALSKI
AUS Graeme SMITH
GBR
50m Lap No. 29
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.67 8.63 8.03
Stroke Length (m) 2.05 2.19 2.28
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 48.00 45.60 42.90
Velocity (m/s) 1.64 1.66 1.63
Index (m*m/s) 3.36 3.64 3.72
50m Lap No. 30
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.60 8.10 8.17
Stroke Length (m) 2.23 2.28 2.36
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 44.40 46.20 44.40
Velocity (m/s) 1.65 1.75 1.75
Index (m*m/s) 3.68 3.99 4.13
Finish Time (5m) 5.03 4.56 4.81
100m Split(s) 896.4 902.43 902.48
Result (m:s.s) 14:56.4 15:02.43 15:02.48
Place First Second Third
Average Swim Velocity 1.63 1.62 1.60
Average Stroke Frequency 45.22 44.85 42.49
Average Stroke Length 2.16 2.17 2.18
Average Index 3.53 3.50 3.49
Average Turn Time 8.42 8.47 8.23
Start Time (sec) 6.50 6.67 6.93
Turn Time (sec) 244.09 245.68 238.61
Finish Time (adj) 3.23 2.93 3.09
Free Swim Time 641.14 646.55 652.95
Accounted Time 894.97 901.83 901.58
Back to Library
COMPETITION ANALYSIS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE SWIMMING
By Bruce Mason and Jim Fowlie
The purpose of the competition analysis is to provide the coach and swimmer with a clear and concise summary of each event in the meet. The analysis is designed to identify where, why and how some swimmers performed better than others. The primary reason that coaches of elite swimmers use the competition analysis is to develop and then progressively refine a competition model for the swimmer. This can most successfully be done using the information provided from the competition analysis at important meets where the swimmer is providing a 100% effort. Competition analysis is also used to identify relative weaknesses in the swimmer's performance in competition so that these weaknesses may be eradicated. Weaknesses may be rectified using some of the following strategies — comprehensive biomechanical analysis of the competition phase found to be weak, coach interaction with the swimmer's technique based upon results of such biomechanical analysis, sound training practices and stroke drills.
The spreadsheet output of the competition analysis permits an easy comparison between the swimmers in a race. Competition analysis enables a comparison to be made between swimmers competing in the one race or between performances of the one swimmer at different times in possibly different meets. The performances of different swimmers, which were swum on different days and at different locations, can be compared if the competition analysis was completed for the races concerned. The competition analysis also provides coaches with a means to identify changing trends that are occurring in competition strategy … e.g. faster turns as a consequence of a rule change or a new technique that is being used by swimmers.
The competition analysis provides the coach with information to determine what strategy is needed to make a swimmer a winner … e.g. eliminate through sound practice the weaker aspects of a swimmer's performance – for a particular swimmer maybe to optimise stroke length and stroke frequency to improve the free swimming aspects of the swimmer. Statistical analysis on the data from competition analyses allows the coach to determine the important aspects of particular events. Research performed on competition analysis results provides insight into factors which coaches should concentrate upon to improve swimming performance … e.g. in the 100m Backstroke at the '94 World Championships, speed in the turn phase played as important a role as free swimming speed in the overall determination of the results.
The information used in the competition analysis process has been collected scientifically so as to reduce the error margins associated with the measurement of time and the location of swimmers in the pool. Information concerning where and when the swimmer was located at specific instances is required on all swimmers at numerous occasions throughout the race in order to perform the analysis. The practices used to determine this ensure a high degree of accuracy in the output from the competition analysis. Error checking within the analysis computer program is also incorporated to identify any mistakes that may have occurred as a consequence of operator error. The analysis is performed on a computer system using specially prepared video footage of the race to identify when and where each swimmer was located in the pool at specific instances in the race. The special preparation required for the video recording includes encoded time (from the start of the race) which is displayed on the video picture, together with appropriate calibration information to identify any swimmer's location on the screen with an accurate distance measure from the end of pool wall. The position of the centre of the swimmer's head is used to identify when the swimmer passes through specified distances from the end pool wall. The analysis system is also interfaced with the pool's timing system to get the start pulse from the starter and this initiates the timer on the video. Split times from the touch pads are also captured from the pool's timing system and this information also forms part of the competition analysis report.
The starting phase continues from the starting signal until the swimmer's head crossed the 15metre distance from the starting wall. A distance of 7.5metres in a direction toward the turning wall is used to indicate the commencement of the turn and the turning phase continues through until the swimmer's head again crosses the 7.5metre distance from the wall on the way out. The finishing phase incorporates the period of time when the swimmer's head passed a 5metre distance from the finishing wall until the hand touch. The other phases of the race are denoted as free swimming phases. The performance of the swimmer during the starting, turning and finishing phases is reported in seconds correct to a fiftieth of a second. The shorter this time, the faster the swimmer is moving. On the initial individual sheet, handed out during the competition meet, each of starting, turning and finishing phases is also reported as an average velocity during that phase. This is done so that a comparison of the swimmer's velocity in each of these phases may be made with the velocity during the adjacent free swimming phase. In computing velocity of each phase, the starting phase is 15metres in length and each of the turn phases is 15metres. Although the timing for the finish phase begins when the swimmer's head crosses the 5metres mark from the finish wall, when the velocity for the finish phase is calculated the time from the 5metre mark is divided by only 4.5 rather than the 5 because the arm reach for the finish wall would be approximately 0.5metres.
The information supplied for the free swimming phases of the event includes the stroke length in metres, stroke frequency in strokes per minute, swim velocity in metres per second and efficiency index. A stroke length is the distance a swimmer's head moves during a complete arm stroke from right hand entry to the next right hand entry. The stroke frequency refers to the number of these cycles that would occur in a minute if the same stroke rate were to continue over the duration of a minute in free swimming. Stroke frequency should not be confused with stroke count. Stroke count is the number of strokes that a swimmer takes to complete a 50metre pool length and incorporates what happens during the start, turn and finish phases of the lap. Velocity as implied, denotes how far the swimmer's head travels in a second based on an average value for the entire free swimming phase. Each free swimming phase for all non-Freestyle events, as well as Freestyle events less than 400metres in length, is 18.5metres except for the first which is 10metres and the last which is 20metres. In the case of Freestyle events equal to 400metres and greater, each of the free swimming phases is 35metres with exception of the first which is 27.5metres and the last which is 37.5metres. Stroke length and stroke frequency are the two factors that determine swim velocity. Multiplying the stroke frequency in strokes per second and the stroke length in metres per stroke provides the swim velocity in metres per second. To swim faster, the swimmer needs to increase the stroke length and/or the stroke frequency. The efficiency index is obtained by multiplying the swimmer's velocity by the swimmer's stroke length during that free swimming phase. The efficiency index places the emphasis on having a longer stroke length and a lower stroke frequency as being more efficient than having a shorter stroke length and a higher stroke frequency to swim at this specific swim velocity. The efficiency index can be used to compare the free swimming effectiveness of a swimmer performing a particular stroke at different times in the one race or in different length events for the stroke concerned. As a swimmer progresses through a race, there is generally a progressive reduction in the swimmer's efficiency index. There appears to be a high relationship between the race result and the average efficiency index of the swimmers competing in the event. The better place-getters tend to have a higher efficiency index than the lower place-getters. For this reason, the efficiency index may be used to compare the free swimming performances of two swimmers. Efficiency indices for different strokes should not be compared, as the efficiency index of one stroke bears no relationship to that of another.
At the base of the spreadsheet the average information for each aspect of the race over the entire race performance is provided. That is the average stroke length, average stroke frequency, average velocity and average efficiency index for the free swimming as well as average turn time is provided. In the computation of the average value for the free swimming aspect, each free swim phase is weighted by the distance swum in each free swim interval. Directly below these average values in the spreadsheet is the total time involved in each aspect of the race. The total time in the start, in the turns, in the finish and during free swimming are provided along with the total time overall. The total time overall should be equivalent to the actual race result time for each swimmer. Any variation from the result time will indicate the inexactness in the competition analysis output.
During the meet, the competition analysis results for a session are provided for the coaches before the next session begins. The information supplied for each event includes the analysis report on the swimmer concerned (this includes velocity information on all phases of the race), the spreadsheet displaying the parameters of all competitors and finally, two graphs to supplement the previous information. The first graph provides information concerning all free swimming phases of the race and includes a plot of stroke length, stroke frequency and velocity for the swimmer concerned. The other graph includes the velocity of the swimmer in each phase of the race, together with a similar plot for the first three place-getters. To utilise this information most efficiently, the graph containing the swim velocities of several swimmers can be used to quickly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the swimmer concerned throughout the race. This graph will readily identify why and where the winner was successful and why the other swimmers achieved the places that they did. The graph of stroke frequency, stroke length and velocity can be utilised to quickly identify weaknesses in either the swimmer's present strategy with regard to free swimming or to find out if the present strategy was not followed. It may also be used to further refine the competition model for the swimmer concerned. The summary at the base of the spreadsheet is able to quantify where time was gained or lost by each swimmer with respect to other swimmers in the various aspects of the race. The body of the spreadsheet enables the quantification of the performances of the various swimmers in the race so that comparisons between swimmers over the different phases of the race may be made. The individual analysis report enables quantitative comparisons to be made between the phases of the race for an individual swimmer.
All scientific measurements come with some degree of imprecision. To measure the imprecision associated with the AIS Biomechanics competition analysis, AIS Biomechanics used six analysis groups to independently analyse the eight swimmers competing in the 200metres Individual Medley Final for women at the 1996 Olympic Trials in Sydney. The standard deviation for each parameter measured, together with an indication of its magnitude by expressing it as a percentage of the mean for the parameter, calculated over all laps (all strokes) for all of the eight swimmers and calculated over the six analysis groups was as follows:
PARAMETER STANDARD DEVIATION % OF MEAN
Start Time 0.03 sec 0.4%
Turn Time 0.07 sec 0.7%
Finish Time 0.05 sec 1.7%
Stroke Length 0.02 metres 1.1%
Stroke Frequency 0.52 strokes/min 1.1%
Free Swim Velocity 0.02 metres/sec 1.4%
Efficiency Index 0.04 m*m/sec 1.5%
The computer program used in the analysis process is continually being refined to produce more precise information. The above information does, however, give some indication as to the accuracy of the information provided through the competition analysis.
This report deals specifically with long course competition analysis. Most of this information is also directly relevant to short-course competition analysis. In the short-course competition analysis the information is presented in a slightly different format, as there is less free swimming and a greater number of turns.
The aim of the competition analysis is to provide the coach with detailed information about his or her swimmer's performance in competition. It is designed to assist the coach in identifying optimal race strategy for a particular swimmer in a specific event. For swimmers to achieve the best results in major competition, they must keep as close as possible to scientifically prepared sound race strategy which is based upon set free swimming, turn, start and finish velocities. This is commonly referred to by coaches as the "competition model". In order to keep the average free swimming velocity through the entire race as high as possible, the optimal stroke length and stroke frequency combination should be used. This combination is very personalised for the swimmer concerned and the competition analysis should be used by the coach for further refine the combination of stroke length and stroke frequency for future competition. The particular stroke length and stroke frequency combination used by the swimmer should remain relatively constant throughout the free swimming for the entire race. After a race, the competition analysis should also be used to check that the race strategy was followed throughout the race and to identify any relative weaknesses of the swimmer concerned.
FIGURE 1
This is an example of the analysis report for an individual swimmer in the Men's 100m Freestyle event. Note that in this report the velocity at various phases of the race is provided. Chris's start velocity is 2.40 m/s and this drops to 2.00 m/s and 1.90 m/s during free swimming in the first lap. Chris's turn velocity is 2.04 m/s and this followed by free swim velocities of 1.88 m/s and 1.81 m/s with a velocity of 1.83 during the finish phase. The average velocity for the first lap is 2.05 m/s and for the second lap is 1.92 m/s.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet 1996 National Swimming Championships
Swimmer Chris FYDLER
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final Lane Number: 6
Time of Trial: 0:50.44 Min:Sec Finish Place in A Final: 1st
LAP No. 1
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Start time-Gun to 15m out 6.08 sec 2.47 m/s
Stroke Length 2.27 metres
Stroke Frequency 52.9 Strokes/Min
1.135 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 2.00 metres/sec 2.00 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.54 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 11.08 sec
Time for this 25m Split 11.08 sec 2.26 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.28 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.2 Strokes/Min
1.196 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.90 metres/sec 1.90 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 4.34 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 50m lap time 24.43 sec
Time for this 50m lap 24.43 sec 2.05 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 1.35 sec 1.87 m/s
LAP No. 2
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Turn time 7.5m to 7.5m 7.36 sec 2.04 m/s
Stroke Length 2.26 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.0 Strokes/Min
1.200 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.88 metres/sec 1.88 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.26 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 36.92 sec
Time for this 25m Split 12.49 sec 2.00 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.13 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.8 Strokes/Min
1.180 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.81 metres/sec 1.81 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 3.86 metres*metres/sec
Finish Time (from 5m out) 2.46 sec 1.83 m/s
Progressive 50m lap time 50.44 sec
Time for this 50m lap 26.01 sec 1.92 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 13.52 sec 1.85 m/s
FIGURE 2
This is an example of a spreadsheet for the Men's 100m Freestyle event. The times for each phase, excluding the free swimming phase, are provided here. For the free swimming phase, the stroke length, stroke frequency, efficiency index and interval velocity are provided. The average value for each phase parameter and the total time spent in each phase are located at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet Australian Nationals – Olympic Trials
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final
Chris FYDLER, NSW Michael KLIM, Vic
Lane No. 6 5
25m Lap No. 1
Start Time 15m 6.08 6.18
Stroke Length (m) 2.27 2.33
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 52.9 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 2 1.92
Index (m*m/s) 4.54 4.47
25m Split(s) 11.08 11.2
50m Lap No. 1
Stroke Length (m) 2.28 2.3
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.2 49.7
Velocity (m/s) 1.9 1.9
Index (m*m/s) 4.34 4.37
25m Split(s) 13.35 13.46
Lap Time(s) 24.43 24.66
25m Lap No. 2
Turn Time 7.5*2 7.36 7.52
Stroke Length (m) 2.26 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 1.88 1.91
Index (m*m/s) 4.26 4.41
25m Split(s) 12.49 12.48
50m Lap No. 2
Stroke Length (m) 2.13 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.8 47
Velocity (m/s) 1.81 1.81
Index (m*m/s) 3.86 4.19
Finish Time (5m) 2.46 2.31
25m Split(s) 13.52 13.35
Lap Time(s) 26.01 25.83
Result (m:s.s) :50.44 :50.49
Place First Second
Average Swim Velocity 1.90 1.89
Average Stroke Frequency 51.0 48.9
Average Stroke Length 2.24 2.31
Average Index 4.25 4.36
Start Time (sec) 6.08 6.18
Turn Time (sec) 7.36 7.52
Finish Time (sec) 2.46 2.31
Free Swim Time 34.57 34.63
Accounted Time 50.47 50.64
FIGURE 3 (an explanation of the spreadsheet).
This is the last page in the analysis of the 1500m Men's event at the Atlanta Olympics. From the information at the base of the spreadsheet, it can be identified that Graeme SMITH, the third place-getter, gained 5.48 sec over Kieren PERKINS and 7.07 sec over Daniel KOWALSKI in the turns. Kieren had the highest free swim velocity of 1.63 m/s followed by Daniel with 1.62 m/s and then Graeme SMITH with 1.60 m/s. Kieren gained 5.41 sec over Daniel in the free swimming.
Date 26th July 1996
Competition Meet Olympic Games, Atlanta, USA
Distance 1500 metres
Style Freestyle
Gender Men's
Event A Final
Kieren PERKINS
AUS Daniel KOWALSKI
AUS Graeme SMITH
GBR
50m Lap No. 29
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.67 8.63 8.03
Stroke Length (m) 2.05 2.19 2.28
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 48.00 45.60 42.90
Velocity (m/s) 1.64 1.66 1.63
Index (m*m/s) 3.36 3.64 3.72
50m Lap No. 30
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.60 8.10 8.17
Stroke Length (m) 2.23 2.28 2.36
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 44.40 46.20 44.40
Velocity (m/s) 1.65 1.75 1.75
Index (m*m/s) 3.68 3.99 4.13
Finish Time (5m) 5.03 4.56 4.81
100m Split(s) 896.4 902.43 902.48
Result (m:s.s) 14:56.4 15:02.43 15:02.48
Place First Second Third
Average Swim Velocity 1.63 1.62 1.60
Average Stroke Frequency 45.22 44.85 42.49
Average Stroke Length 2.16 2.17 2.18
Average Index 3.53 3.50 3.49
Average Turn Time 8.42 8.47 8.23
Start Time (sec) 6.50 6.67 6.93
Turn Time (sec) 244.09 245.68 238.61
Finish Time (adj) 3.23 2.93 3.09
Free Swim Time 641.14 646.55 652.95
Accounted Time 894.97 901.83 901.58
Back to Library
COMPETITION ANALYSIS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE SWIMMING
By Bruce Mason and Jim Fowlie
The purpose of the competition analysis is to provide the coach and swimmer with a clear and concise summary of each event in the meet. The analysis is designed to identify where, why and how some swimmers performed better than others. The primary reason that coaches of elite swimmers use the competition analysis is to develop and then progressively refine a competition model for the swimmer. This can most successfully be done using the information provided from the competition analysis at important meets where the swimmer is providing a 100% effort. Competition analysis is also used to identify relative weaknesses in the swimmer's performance in competition so that these weaknesses may be eradicated. Weaknesses may be rectified using some of the following strategies — comprehensive biomechanical analysis of the competition phase found to be weak, coach interaction with the swimmer's technique based upon results of such biomechanical analysis, sound training practices and stroke drills.
The spreadsheet output of the competition analysis permits an easy comparison between the swimmers in a race. Competition analysis enables a comparison to be made between swimmers competing in the one race or between performances of the one swimmer at different times in possibly different meets. The performances of different swimmers, which were swum on different days and at different locations, can be compared if the competition analysis was completed for the races concerned. The competition analysis also provides coaches with a means to identify changing trends that are occurring in competition strategy … e.g. faster turns as a consequence of a rule change or a new technique that is being used by swimmers.
The competition analysis provides the coach with information to determine what strategy is needed to make a swimmer a winner … e.g. eliminate through sound practice the weaker aspects of a swimmer's performance – for a particular swimmer maybe to optimise stroke length and stroke frequency to improve the free swimming aspects of the swimmer. Statistical analysis on the data from competition analyses allows the coach to determine the important aspects of particular events. Research performed on competition analysis results provides insight into factors which coaches should concentrate upon to improve swimming performance … e.g. in the 100m Backstroke at the '94 World Championships, speed in the turn phase played as important a role as free swimming speed in the overall determination of the results.
The information used in the competition analysis process has been collected scientifically so as to reduce the error margins associated with the measurement of time and the location of swimmers in the pool. Information concerning where and when the swimmer was located at specific instances is required on all swimmers at numerous occasions throughout the race in order to perform the analysis. The practices used to determine this ensure a high degree of accuracy in the output from the competition analysis. Error checking within the analysis computer program is also incorporated to identify any mistakes that may have occurred as a consequence of operator error. The analysis is performed on a computer system using specially prepared video footage of the race to identify when and where each swimmer was located in the pool at specific instances in the race. The special preparation required for the video recording includes encoded time (from the start of the race) which is displayed on the video picture, together with appropriate calibration information to identify any swimmer's location on the screen with an accurate distance measure from the end of pool wall. The position of the centre of the swimmer's head is used to identify when the swimmer passes through specified distances from the end pool wall. The analysis system is also interfaced with the pool's timing system to get the start pulse from the starter and this initiates the timer on the video. Split times from the touch pads are also captured from the pool's timing system and this information also forms part of the competition analysis report.
The starting phase continues from the starting signal until the swimmer's head crossed the 15metre distance from the starting wall. A distance of 7.5metres in a direction toward the turning wall is used to indicate the commencement of the turn and the turning phase continues through until the swimmer's head again crosses the 7.5metre distance from the wall on the way out. The finishing phase incorporates the period of time when the swimmer's head passed a 5metre distance from the finishing wall until the hand touch. The other phases of the race are denoted as free swimming phases. The performance of the swimmer during the starting, turning and finishing phases is reported in seconds correct to a fiftieth of a second. The shorter this time, the faster the swimmer is moving. On the initial individual sheet, handed out during the competition meet, each of starting, turning and finishing phases is also reported as an average velocity during that phase. This is done so that a comparison of the swimmer's velocity in each of these phases may be made with the velocity during the adjacent free swimming phase. In computing velocity of each phase, the starting phase is 15metres in length and each of the turn phases is 15metres. Although the timing for the finish phase begins when the swimmer's head crosses the 5metres mark from the finish wall, when the velocity for the finish phase is calculated the time from the 5metre mark is divided by only 4.5 rather than the 5 because the arm reach for the finish wall would be approximately 0.5metres.
The information supplied for the free swimming phases of the event includes the stroke length in metres, stroke frequency in strokes per minute, swim velocity in metres per second and efficiency index. A stroke length is the distance a swimmer's head moves during a complete arm stroke from right hand entry to the next right hand entry. The stroke frequency refers to the number of these cycles that would occur in a minute if the same stroke rate were to continue over the duration of a minute in free swimming. Stroke frequency should not be confused with stroke count. Stroke count is the number of strokes that a swimmer takes to complete a 50metre pool length and incorporates what happens during the start, turn and finish phases of the lap. Velocity as implied, denotes how far the swimmer's head travels in a second based on an average value for the entire free swimming phase. Each free swimming phase for all non-Freestyle events, as well as Freestyle events less than 400metres in length, is 18.5metres except for the first which is 10metres and the last which is 20metres. In the case of Freestyle events equal to 400metres and greater, each of the free swimming phases is 35metres with exception of the first which is 27.5metres and the last which is 37.5metres. Stroke length and stroke frequency are the two factors that determine swim velocity. Multiplying the stroke frequency in strokes per second and the stroke length in metres per stroke provides the swim velocity in metres per second. To swim faster, the swimmer needs to increase the stroke length and/or the stroke frequency. The efficiency index is obtained by multiplying the swimmer's velocity by the swimmer's stroke length during that free swimming phase. The efficiency index places the emphasis on having a longer stroke length and a lower stroke frequency as being more efficient than having a shorter stroke length and a higher stroke frequency to swim at this specific swim velocity. The efficiency index can be used to compare the free swimming effectiveness of a swimmer performing a particular stroke at different times in the one race or in different length events for the stroke concerned. As a swimmer progresses through a race, there is generally a progressive reduction in the swimmer's efficiency index. There appears to be a high relationship between the race result and the average efficiency index of the swimmers competing in the event. The better place-getters tend to have a higher efficiency index than the lower place-getters. For this reason, the efficiency index may be used to compare the free swimming performances of two swimmers. Efficiency indices for different strokes should not be compared, as the efficiency index of one stroke bears no relationship to that of another.
At the base of the spreadsheet the average information for each aspect of the race over the entire race performance is provided. That is the average stroke length, average stroke frequency, average velocity and average efficiency index for the free swimming as well as average turn time is provided. In the computation of the average value for the free swimming aspect, each free swim phase is weighted by the distance swum in each free swim interval. Directly below these average values in the spreadsheet is the total time involved in each aspect of the race. The total time in the start, in the turns, in the finish and during free swimming are provided along with the total time overall. The total time overall should be equivalent to the actual race result time for each swimmer. Any variation from the result time will indicate the inexactness in the competition analysis output.
During the meet, the competition analysis results for a session are provided for the coaches before the next session begins. The information supplied for each event includes the analysis report on the swimmer concerned (this includes velocity information on all phases of the race), the spreadsheet displaying the parameters of all competitors and finally, two graphs to supplement the previous information. The first graph provides information concerning all free swimming phases of the race and includes a plot of stroke length, stroke frequency and velocity for the swimmer concerned. The other graph includes the velocity of the swimmer in each phase of the race, together with a similar plot for the first three place-getters. To utilise this information most efficiently, the graph containing the swim velocities of several swimmers can be used to quickly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the swimmer concerned throughout the race. This graph will readily identify why and where the winner was successful and why the other swimmers achieved the places that they did. The graph of stroke frequency, stroke length and velocity can be utilised to quickly identify weaknesses in either the swimmer's present strategy with regard to free swimming or to find out if the present strategy was not followed. It may also be used to further refine the competition model for the swimmer concerned. The summary at the base of the spreadsheet is able to quantify where time was gained or lost by each swimmer with respect to other swimmers in the various aspects of the race. The body of the spreadsheet enables the quantification of the performances of the various swimmers in the race so that comparisons between swimmers over the different phases of the race may be made. The individual analysis report enables quantitative comparisons to be made between the phases of the race for an individual swimmer.
All scientific measurements come with some degree of imprecision. To measure the imprecision associated with the AIS Biomechanics competition analysis, AIS Biomechanics used six analysis groups to independently analyse the eight swimmers competing in the 200metres Individual Medley Final for women at the 1996 Olympic Trials in Sydney. The standard deviation for each parameter measured, together with an indication of its magnitude by expressing it as a percentage of the mean for the parameter, calculated over all laps (all strokes) for all of the eight swimmers and calculated over the six analysis groups was as follows:
PARAMETER STANDARD DEVIATION % OF MEAN
Start Time 0.03 sec 0.4%
Turn Time 0.07 sec 0.7%
Finish Time 0.05 sec 1.7%
Stroke Length 0.02 metres 1.1%
Stroke Frequency 0.52 strokes/min 1.1%
Free Swim Velocity 0.02 metres/sec 1.4%
Efficiency Index 0.04 m*m/sec 1.5%
The computer program used in the analysis process is continually being refined to produce more precise information. The above information does, however, give some indication as to the accuracy of the information provided through the competition analysis.
This report deals specifically with long course competition analysis. Most of this information is also directly relevant to short-course competition analysis. In the short-course competition analysis the information is presented in a slightly different format, as there is less free swimming and a greater number of turns.
The aim of the competition analysis is to provide the coach with detailed information about his or her swimmer's performance in competition. It is designed to assist the coach in identifying optimal race strategy for a particular swimmer in a specific event. For swimmers to achieve the best results in major competition, they must keep as close as possible to scientifically prepared sound race strategy which is based upon set free swimming, turn, start and finish velocities. This is commonly referred to by coaches as the "competition model". In order to keep the average free swimming velocity through the entire race as high as possible, the optimal stroke length and stroke frequency combination should be used. This combination is very personalised for the swimmer concerned and the competition analysis should be used by the coach for further refine the combination of stroke length and stroke frequency for future competition. The particular stroke length and stroke frequency combination used by the swimmer should remain relatively constant throughout the free swimming for the entire race. After a race, the competition analysis should also be used to check that the race strategy was followed throughout the race and to identify any relative weaknesses of the swimmer concerned.
FIGURE 1
This is an example of the analysis report for an individual swimmer in the Men's 100m Freestyle event. Note that in this report the velocity at various phases of the race is provided. Chris's start velocity is 2.40 m/s and this drops to 2.00 m/s and 1.90 m/s during free swimming in the first lap. Chris's turn velocity is 2.04 m/s and this followed by free swim velocities of 1.88 m/s and 1.81 m/s with a velocity of 1.83 during the finish phase. The average velocity for the first lap is 2.05 m/s and for the second lap is 1.92 m/s.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet 1996 National Swimming Championships
Swimmer Chris FYDLER
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final Lane Number: 6
Time of Trial: 0:50.44 Min:Sec Finish Place in A Final: 1st
LAP No. 1
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Start time-Gun to 15m out 6.08 sec 2.47 m/s
Stroke Length 2.27 metres
Stroke Frequency 52.9 Strokes/Min
1.135 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 2.00 metres/sec 2.00 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.54 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 11.08 sec
Time for this 25m Split 11.08 sec 2.26 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.28 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.2 Strokes/Min
1.196 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.90 metres/sec 1.90 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 4.34 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 50m lap time 24.43 sec
Time for this 50m lap 24.43 sec 2.05 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 1.35 sec 1.87 m/s
LAP No. 2
FIRST 25 METRES Velocity
Turn time 7.5m to 7.5m 7.36 sec 2.04 m/s
Stroke Length 2.26 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.0 Strokes/Min
1.200 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.88 metres/sec 1.88 m/s
Int INDEX SL*vel 4.26 metres*metres/sec
Progressive 25m Split 36.92 sec
Time for this 25m Split 12.49 sec 2.00 m/s
LAST 25 METRES
Stroke Length 2.13 metres
Stroke Frequency 50.8 Strokes/Min
1.180 sec/stroke
Interval Velocity 1.81 metres/sec 1.81 m/s
Int INDEXSL*vel 3.86 metres*metres/sec
Finish Time (from 5m out) 2.46 sec 1.83 m/s
Progressive 50m lap time 50.44 sec
Time for this 50m lap 26.01 sec 1.92 m/s
Time for this 25m Split 13.52 sec 1.85 m/s
FIGURE 2
This is an example of a spreadsheet for the Men's 100m Freestyle event. The times for each phase, excluding the free swimming phase, are provided here. For the free swimming phase, the stroke length, stroke frequency, efficiency index and interval velocity are provided. The average value for each phase parameter and the total time spent in each phase are located at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
Date 23rd April 1996
Competition Meet Australian Nationals – Olympic Trials
Style: Freestyle Age/Open: Open Gender: Men's
Distance: 100 metres Event: A Final
Chris FYDLER, NSW Michael KLIM, Vic
Lane No. 6 5
25m Lap No. 1
Start Time 15m 6.08 6.18
Stroke Length (m) 2.27 2.33
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 52.9 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 2 1.92
Index (m*m/s) 4.54 4.47
25m Split(s) 11.08 11.2
50m Lap No. 1
Stroke Length (m) 2.28 2.3
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.2 49.7
Velocity (m/s) 1.9 1.9
Index (m*m/s) 4.34 4.37
25m Split(s) 13.35 13.46
Lap Time(s) 24.43 24.66
25m Lap No. 2
Turn Time 7.5*2 7.36 7.52
Stroke Length (m) 2.26 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50 49.5
Velocity (m/s) 1.88 1.91
Index (m*m/s) 4.26 4.41
25m Split(s) 12.49 12.48
50m Lap No. 2
Stroke Length (m) 2.13 2.31
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 50.8 47
Velocity (m/s) 1.81 1.81
Index (m*m/s) 3.86 4.19
Finish Time (5m) 2.46 2.31
25m Split(s) 13.52 13.35
Lap Time(s) 26.01 25.83
Result (m:s.s) :50.44 :50.49
Place First Second
Average Swim Velocity 1.90 1.89
Average Stroke Frequency 51.0 48.9
Average Stroke Length 2.24 2.31
Average Index 4.25 4.36
Start Time (sec) 6.08 6.18
Turn Time (sec) 7.36 7.52
Finish Time (sec) 2.46 2.31
Free Swim Time 34.57 34.63
Accounted Time 50.47 50.64
FIGURE 3 (an explanation of the spreadsheet).
This is the last page in the analysis of the 1500m Men's event at the Atlanta Olympics. From the information at the base of the spreadsheet, it can be identified that Graeme SMITH, the third place-getter, gained 5.48 sec over Kieren PERKINS and 7.07 sec over Daniel KOWALSKI in the turns. Kieren had the highest free swim velocity of 1.63 m/s followed by Daniel with 1.62 m/s and then Graeme SMITH with 1.60 m/s. Kieren gained 5.41 sec over Daniel in the free swimming.
Date 26th July 1996
Competition Meet Olympic Games, Atlanta, USA
Distance 1500 metres
Style Freestyle
Gender Men's
Event A Final
Kieren PERKINS
AUS Daniel KOWALSKI
AUS Graeme SMITH
GBR
50m Lap No. 29
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.67 8.63 8.03
Stroke Length (m) 2.05 2.19 2.28
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 48.00 45.60 42.90
Velocity (m/s) 1.64 1.66 1.63
Index (m*m/s) 3.36 3.64 3.72
50m Lap No. 30
Turn Time 7.5*2 8.60 8.10 8.17
Stroke Length (m) 2.23 2.28 2.36
Stroke Frequency (S/m) 44.40 46.20 44.40
Velocity (m/s) 1.65 1.75 1.75
Index (m*m/s) 3.68 3.99 4.13
Finish Time (5m) 5.03 4.56 4.81
100m Split(s) 896.4 902.43 902.48
Result (m:s.s) 14:56.4 15:02.43 15:02.48
Place First Second Third
Average Swim Velocity 1.63 1.62 1.60
Average Stroke Frequency 45.22 44.85 42.49
Average Stroke Length 2.16 2.17 2.18
Average Index 3.53 3.50 3.49
Average Turn Time 8.42 8.47 8.23
Start Time (sec) 6.50 6.67 6.93
Turn Time (sec) 244.09 245.68 238.61
Finish Time (adj) 3.23 2.93 3.09
Free Swim Time 641.14 646.55 652.95
Accounted Time 894.97 901.83 901.58
|
|
Catagories